Wind electric power is generated by harnessing the wind energy to generate the power It is the world's fastest growing energy source. Wind electric power is becoming an important resource to meet the increasing power demand as wind energy is a renewable and free resource.
Generation of wind:
Wind is a form of solar energy. Winds caused by the uneven heating of the earth's surface by the sun due to irregularities of the earth's surface and by the rotation of the earth. Wind flow are change by the earth's geographical conditions. This wind energy can be "harvested" by modern wind mills which converts the kinetic energy of wind to generate electricity.
Wind turbines or wind electric generators convert the kinetic energy of the wind into mechanical power.This mechanical power rotates the turbine blades which rotate rotor of the generator that convert mechanical power into electrical power.
Generation of wind electric power
The energy of the wind will be harnessed with wind electric generators or turbines. When the wind flows that passes the turbine's rotor blades, the blades rotate and convert the wind energy into kinetic energy. This Kinetic energy of blades makes the rotor to spin inside a generator according to Faraday's law of electromagnetic induction the kinetic energy is converted into electrical energy. Once the wind energy is converted into electrical energy, the electrical energy flows through power cables in the turbine down's to the turbine tower to connect with the output of the other wind turbines in the wind farm before entering into power transmission. The wind generated power is directly proportional to the wind speed. The greater is the wind speed, the more electrical energy it will be generated. In Wind farms we will see more than one wind turbine working to generate electricity - this is called a wind farm. All the wind turbines will work independently and generate individual power that will be collected from all the wind turbines before feeding for transmission networks.
Construction of wind electric generator to generate wind electric power
Each wind turbine or electric generator has four key parts:
Foundation: Wind turbine is a massive structure that must have a strong foundation to withstand the force from strong winds and it has to support the overall height and the length of the rotor blades.
Tower: Power generation equipments is kept in the tower. The tower consists of the blades and power generation equipments high above the ground level into the smoother where stronger wind currents are blowing. Access to the nacelle and rotor can be done through the tower.
Nacelle: The nacelle can be simply said as heart of the turbine, where the generator, gearbox and turbine drive train parts are held. The generator set inside the nacelle is used to convert the wind energy into kinetic energy and then it will transform into electrical energy.
Rotor: Almost wind turbines have three blades that are attached to the rotor. Blades in wind turbines tested thoroughly to ensure that they can withstand most severe weather conditions.
Generator: When the rotor rotates inside the magnetic poles or stator of the generator according to Faradays law of electromagnetic induction that is "the EMF induced in a coil is directly proportional to the rate of change of flux linkage.This generated power is step up with a transformer and feed to transmission networks.
Pros and Cons of wind electric power
Pros of wind electric power:
Wind energy is a Renewable source and Non-Polluting Resource.
Wind energy is a source of clean, non-polluting form of generation of electricity.
Unlike conventional power generation plants the wind plants does not cause air pollution or emitting of greenhouse gases.
Cons of wind electric power:
The initial installation cost of the wind generator is very high due to utilizing of sophisticated equipments.
Rotor rotation produces much noise resulting in noise pollution.
Power generation is directly depends upon the availability of wind energy which is unpredictable.
Wind mills need to be generated in remote areas where the wind resource is abundant so power transmission and installation cost is high.
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