Laser Light Technologies (p Nitin)

A laser beam is a narrow beam of electromagnetic radiation which monochromatic, powerful and directional in nature. The laser beams are found within the visible spectrum of light. The atoms are excited by the laser device in the lasing medium. The electrons of these excited atoms jump from lower orbit to a higher orbit, and then release photons,thus creating a laser beam. The the acronym for LASER is the Light Amplification due to Stimulated Emission of Radiation. Laser can be defined as a mechanism for emitting light or visible light by a laser mechanism called process of stimulated emission. This is called as the electromagnetic radiation. The emitted laser light is generally spatially coherent, narrow beam which can be manipulated with the adjustment or modification of position of lenses. In laser technology, a light source is usually denoted as a "coherent light" as it emits light of in-step waves which are identical in frequency, polarization and phase. The laser's coherent light beam differentiates it from the other light sources which emit different incoherent light beams of random phase which vary along with position and time. Generally, Laser light is a electromagnetic spectrum monochromatic light of narrow wavelength. There are certain type of lasers which emit a broad spectrum of light or different wavelengths of light simultaneously.

A laser consists of gain medium inside an optical cavity which is highly reflective. It also contains a means to supply energy to the gain medium. The gain medium is a material that has properties which allow it to amplify the light received by stimulated emission. In a simple form, it can be explained as a cavity consisting of two mirrors arranged in such a way that light is bounced back and forth each time it is passed through the gain medium. Of the two mirrors, one is the output coupler which is a partially transparent mirror emits the output laser beam.A specific wavelength light which passes through the gain medium is undergoes amplification in order to increase the power and then the surrounding mirrors let most of the light to pass through the gain medium. A part of the light which is between the mirrors i.e., within the cavity passes through the partially transparent mirror and escapes as light.

The different types of lasers are liquid, solid and gas. Gas lasers are used to excite the electrons in gases such as carbon dioxide, nitrogen, helium, neon and cadmium. Liquid lasers such as the dye laser, uses organic dye molecules in the liquid form so as to produce a wavelength of radiation which can be tuned. Solid lasers such as the ruby laser uses a precious stone in order to produce a beam of red colored light.

Laser beams are commonly used in CD and DVD devices, optical scanners, computer mouse, laser printers and pointers for projectors. They are also used to produce hologramson several things. Laser beams are widely used in industry for cutting and welding the metal and to do survey of land and to construct buildings. They are used in scientific research for the chemical analysis and laser spectroscopy. For Dental applications including the treatment of cavity, regeneration of the nerve and reshaping tissue of the gum. In medical procedures such as eye surgeries, cancer treatments and heart surgery as well as in cosmetic procedures also laser beams are used.

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