Laser Light Technologies (p Nitin)

A laser beam is a narrow beam of electromagnetic radiation which monochromatic, powerful and directional in nature. The laser beams are found within the visible spectrum of light. The atoms are excited by the laser device in the lasing medium. The electrons of these excited atoms jump from lower orbit to a higher orbit, and then release photons,thus creating a laser beam. The the acronym for LASER is the Light Amplification due to Stimulated Emission of Radiation. Laser can be defined as a mechanism for emitting light or visible light by a laser mechanism called process of stimulated emission. This is called as the electromagnetic radiation. The emitted laser light is generally spatially coherent, narrow beam which can be manipulated with the adjustment or modification of position of lenses. In laser technology, a light source is usually denoted as a "coherent light" as it emits light of in-step waves which are identical in frequency, polarization and phase. The laser's coherent light beam differentiates it from the other light sources which emit different incoherent light beams of random phase which vary along with position and time. Generally, Laser light is a electromagnetic spectrum monochromatic light of narrow wavelength. There are certain type of lasers which emit a broad spectrum of light or different wavelengths of light simultaneously.

A laser consists of gain medium inside an optical cavity which is highly reflective. It also contains a means to supply energy to the gain medium. The gain medium is a material that has properties which allow it to amplify the light received by stimulated emission. In a simple form, it can be explained as a cavity consisting of two mirrors arranged in such a way that light is bounced back and forth each time it is passed through the gain medium. Of the two mirrors, one is the output coupler which is a partially transparent mirror emits the output laser beam.A specific wavelength light which passes through the gain medium is undergoes amplification in order to increase the power and then the surrounding mirrors let most of the light to pass through the gain medium. A part of the light which is between the mirrors i.e., within the cavity passes through the partially transparent mirror and escapes as light.

The different types of lasers are liquid, solid and gas. Gas lasers are used to excite the electrons in gases such as carbon dioxide, nitrogen, helium, neon and cadmium. Liquid lasers such as the dye laser, uses organic dye molecules in the liquid form so as to produce a wavelength of radiation which can be tuned. Solid lasers such as the ruby laser uses a precious stone in order to produce a beam of red colored light.

Laser beams are commonly used in CD and DVD devices, optical scanners, computer mouse, laser printers and pointers for projectors. They are also used to produce hologramson several things. Laser beams are widely used in industry for cutting and welding the metal and to do survey of land and to construct buildings. They are used in scientific research for the chemical analysis and laser spectroscopy. For Dental applications including the treatment of cavity, regeneration of the nerve and reshaping tissue of the gum. In medical procedures such as eye surgeries, cancer treatments and heart surgery as well as in cosmetic procedures also laser beams are used.

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Laser Light Intensity (p Nitin)

Light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation (LASER or laser) is a mechanism for emitting electromagnetic radiation, typically light or visible light, via the process of stimulated emission. The emitted laser light is (usually) a spatially coherent, narrow low-divergence beam, that can be manipulated with lenses. In laser technology, "coherent light" denotes a light source that produces (emits) light of in-step waves of identical frequency, phase,and polarization. The laser's beam of coherent light differentiates it from light sources that emit incoherent light beams, of random phase varying with time and position. Laser light is generally a narrow-wavelength electromagnetic spectrum monochromatic light; yet, there are lasers that emit a broad spectrum of light, or emit different wavelengths of light simultaneously.

The word laser originally was the upper-case LASER, the acronym from Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation, wherein light broadly denotes electromagnetic radiation of any frequency, not only the visible spectrum; hence infrared laser, ultraviolet laser, X-ray laser, et cetera. Because the microwave predecessor of the laser, the maser, was developed first, devices that emit microwave and radio frequencies are denoted "masers". In the early technical literature, especially in that of the Bell Telephone Laboratories researchers, the laser was also called optical maser, a currently uncommon term; moreover, since 1998, Bell Laboratories adopted the laser usage.Linguistically, the back-formation verb to lase means "to produce laser light" and "to apply laser light to" The word laser sometimes is used in an extended sense to describe a non-laser-light technology, e.g. a coherent-state atom source is an atom laser.

A laser consists of a gain medium inside a highly reflective optical cavity, as well as a means to supply energy to the gain medium. The gain medium is a material with properties that allow it to amplify light by stimulated emission. In its simplest form, a cavity consists of two mirrors arranged such that light bounces back and forth, each time passing through the gain medium. Typically one of the two mirrors, the output coupler, is partially transparent. The output laser beam is emitted through this mirror.

Light of a specific wavelength that passes through the gain medium is amplified (increases in power); the surrounding mirrors ensure that most of the light makes many passes through the gain medium, being amplified repeatedly. Part of the light that is between the mirrors (that is, within the cavity) passes through the partially transparent mirror and escapes as a beam of light.

The process of supplying the energy required for the amplification is called pumping. The energy is typically supplied as an electrical current or as light at a different wavelength. Such light may be provided by a flash lamp or perhaps another laser. Most practical lasers contain additional elements that affect properties such as the wavelength of the emitted light and the shape of the beam.

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