Accurate Temperature Measurements (p Nitin)

The temperature above or below which pair of partially miscible liquids becomes miscible in all proportions, is called critical solution temperature (CST) or the consulate temperature or accurate temperature for the pair.

Accurate temperature measurements for some Liquids:

Some liquids pair attains complete miscibility above a certain temperature in which case they are said to have the upper critical solution temperature UCST while some liquid pairs show complete miscibility below a certain temperature when they are said to have lower critical temperature LCST. On the other hand, some liquid pairs show both LCST and UCST. All are incompletely miscible liquids pairs have, in general an upper or a LCST. However, the upper CST cannot be realized if one or both the components boil out before it is reached and the lower CST may not be observed if one or both the components freeze out before it is reached. Thus, under atmospheric conditions none of the CST is observed for ether and water system.

Accurate temperature measurements for Atmosphere

The atmosphere is really a composite in its behavior. Just because of this, ruling out the correct elucidation for the behavior of an atmosphere is important as well. Almost all the scientists would agree that a repetition of carbon dioxide in the Earth's atmosphere must have some effect on the temperature of the Earth. But it is certainly less either we all recognize the effect of this increase.

Thus, there are several reasons:

First, thing is that under the influence of a man the doubling amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is little compared to the Earth's natural cooling speed,but this will be only 1%.

Secondly, the most important greenhouse effect. Instead of gas it occupies the water vapor. Water vapor present over the Earth is really changeable, both in space and in time.

Third, ways in which both clouds and water vapor are feedback and at last influence the effect of temperature on the Earth are, at top, badly understood.

Fourth, it includes the entire Earth indeed in a state that scientists describe as "radiative equilibrium," where the external sunlight equals the retiring infrared radiation to provide a approximately steady temperature, thus the surface would be far away from this radioactive balance condition.

Thus, the rate of evaporation and convection processes in the atmosphere transfer heat from the surface to the upper troposphere, where it can be much more capably radiated into space because it is above several of the greenhouse-trapping water vapor. So in squat, it is convective overturn of the atmosphere - poorly represent the computer models of global warming - that primarily determines the temperature distribution of the surface and upper troposphere, not radiation balance.

Factors Affecting the Accurate measurement for Temperature

Factors Affecting the Accurate measurement for Temperature as follows

Nature of the gas
Nature of the solvent.
Temperature of the gas-liquid system.
Pressure of the gas.
It has been found that under a constant pressure, the solubility of a gas diminishes with rise in temperature. The absorption coefficients of a few gases at different temperatures are given below:

CO2 = 0

O2= 0.0484

N2=0.0239 etc.

Thus the mass of a gas dissolved per unit volume of a solvent is proportional to the pressure of the gas in equilibrium with the solution at accurate temperature.

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